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腹膜透析概述
It is estimated that there are over one million patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with dialysis around the world. While the overwhelming majority of these patients are treated with extra-corporeal therapies in dialysis units (hemodialysis), over 10perform their dialysis treatments at home - virtually all these patients use peritoneal dialysis (PD). In at least two countries - Hong Kong and Thailand - end-stage renal disease patients are eligible for governmental financial support for dialysis services only if they begin treatment with PD. In PD, a naturally occurring membrane, the peritoneal membrane, is used as dialysis membrane and over the years, the therapy has developed such that it allows successful removal of sufficient amount of solutes and fluid required to sustain life even in individuals without any residual kidney function. PD involves the instillation of dialysate fluid through an indwelling abdominal catheter and allowing it to dwell for variable periods of time before exchanging it with fresh dialysate. Most patients require dialysis to be performed continuously - 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Recent studies from different parts of the world show that the 5- and 10-year mortality of patients treated either with in-center hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis are remarkably similar. In this chapter, we present an overview of the development of the therapy, key components that allow the therapy to be performed in its current form, and the complications of the therapy.
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基于超声波的局部乳腺放射治疗
In this report, we extend our previous work where we proposed 1D Analytic Minimization (1D AM) of a cost function to calculate robust elasticity images to 2D AM. We show that 2D AM is much faster than 1D AM, which is critically important in creating real- time elastography. In elasticity reconstruction using an inverse problem framework. We also propose a novel strain addition, 2D AM produces high quality strain images in 2D which can be used for calculation technique using Kalman filters, which generates smooth strain images without blurring the images and removing sharp boundaries. We show using simulation, phantom and clinical trials that the 2D AM generates high quality strain images in real-time. This work is in published in 2 IEEE TMI articles (23 pages total), and in 5 conference proceeding papers (each paper 8 to 9 pages, 42 pages total). The papers are well received, resulting in more than 55 citations to date according to Google Scholar.
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自然杀伤T细胞对于乳腺癌的免疫原性化疗作用
During this second year of investigation, we have confirmed the important role of gamma delta T cells in the efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy using anthracyclines. In the meantime, the NKT cells seem to be dispensable for this effect at least in this particular situation. Moreover, we have also identified a population of gamma delta T cells with a unique phenotype never described before (CD3bright). Interestingly, this population has a clear intrinsic ability to produce IL-17 compared to any other gamma delta T cells and are represented at a high frequency in breast cancer tumor environment. We have highlighted several key homeostatic factors on this population and identified their precise phenotype. Of interest a human gamma delta T cell population display a similar phenotype (CD3bright) with gamma delta T17-like cell hallmarks. Our future efforts will focus on this population and their putative role in immunogenic chemotherapy for breast cancer.