Bone cement, which is chemically known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is widely used for implant
fixation in various orthopedic and trauma surgeries and in interventional procedures. Bone cement fixation
remains the gold standard for the treatment of many orthopedic disorders and largely contributes to the
success of modern joint replacement. Bone cement is widely used in vertebroplasty, a minimally invasive
surgical procedure, to treat spinal fractures and collapsed vertebrae.
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