Electric vehicles date back to the early part of 18th century. In the early part of the 1930s, it is believed that the first small-scale model of an electric vehicle powered by an electric motor was designed. Then, in consecutive years, similar developments of small electric cars took place, which were powered by DC electric motors. In later decades, better and improved designs were forged with new developments and inventions in the field of electric motors. Such inventions increased capacity in storage and the vehicles became more practical. As the electric vehicles became more practical and functional, the government of various economies started supporting the development activities of electric vehicles. The governments of European economies like France and Great Britain first supported R&D in electric vehicles. An electric vehicle designed in 1899 named as ‘La Jamais Contente’ set the world land speed record at that time by a recording speed of 68 mph.

Belt drive is a combination of belt and pulley that facilitates freight transfer between the shafts. Other major applications of belt drives include clutching, power transmission, and synchronization of shafts. The global industrial belt drives market is fueled by the growing need to automate processes in both discrete and process industries. Therefore, belt drives have become an essential part of several industries as they ensure a robust and reliable industrial operations for several applications, ranging from conveyor systems to heavy-duty power transmission.

The global IVD instruments market is expected to grow at a steady rate during the forecast period. The factors like increasing older population, rise in incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases and infections are driving the market. Cancer, tuberculosis, malaria, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are the main factors for the rise in diagnosed population. In addition, increasing public awareness, rapid technological innovations, product approvals from regulatory authorities and launches are expected to positively influence the market growth over the next few years.

HEVs represent the transformation of the global automotive industry. HEVs are an amalgamation of ICE vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs). Currently, traditional ICE vehicles dominate the industry due to their tested and proven engine mechanism, performance, and buyers' preferences.

UTIs are the most common type of HAI that occur after urinary catheterization. The placement of a catheter into the urinary bladder through the urethra to deliver medication and to empty urine is known as catheterization. A healthy urinary bladder is sterile with no harmful micro-organisms or another bacteria present. Although bacteria may surround the urethra, they cannot enter the bladder. However, a catheter can pick up bacteria from the urethra and give them an easy route to enter the bladder, which causes infection. The most common UTI infections are caused by the bacteria present in the intestinal tract. Patients who take antibiotics and with a weak immune system have a high risk for UTI caused by a fungus called candida.

Home-care diagnostics and monitoring devices refer to a wide range of medical products (including heart rate monitors, blood glucose level indicators, and nebulizers), and services, that provide health monitoring, treatment, and physical support to individuals. People need not visit a hospital or any other healthcare facility to benefit from these offerings; they can be accessed with comfort at homes.

A CHP system involves the simultaneous production of electricity and usable heat from a power plant or heat engine in a single, highly efficient process. It captures the energy produced during power generation and puts it to use for commercial and residential heat production. CHP technology is both cost-effective and environment-friendly. A commercial facility can use CHP to provide both heat and power through a single energy-efficient step, instead of purchasing electricity from utilities and separately producing thermal energy from onsite furnaces. CHP technology helps in preventing power losses during transmission and distribution of electricity through national grids or local distribution networks.

A hysteroscope is a device that is used to see inside the uterus during a procedure. It carefully analyses the uterine cavity and detects the cause of infertility. It is also helpful in detecting intrauterine lesions, myomas, malformations, carcinoma, and polyps present inside the uterus. Hysteroscopy also provides treatment for abnormalities and is effective in improving pregnancy rates in sub-fertile women. The reasons for adopting hysteroscopy is due to the prevalence of gynecological problems such as bleeding between periods, after menopause, and after sex. The treatment usually takes 35 to 40 minutes.

Hydrocolloids are a group of long chain polymers that are generally known for their property of forming viscous dispersions and gels when dispersed in water. These polymers are derived naturally from the exudates of trees or bushes, extracts of plants and seaweeds, flours from seeds or grains, and from the gummy slimes from fermentation processes. The presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups in hydrocolloids and in water increases the affinity of hydrocolloids to bind the water molecules and form hydrophilic compounds. They also produce a dispersion which exhibits the properties of a colloid, and is in an intermediate state between a true solution and a suspension.

The word avionics is a combination of aviation and electronics. Both the fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft highly depend on avionic systems, which consists of electromechanical elements and electronic devices for their operations. For instance, the fly-by-wire control system depends on digital computers for its performance. The avionic systems include equipment for communication, cockpit display, control and monitoring, and navigation and other electromechanical systems. The growing number of innovations in technology have also raised the demand for modern avionics as they offer improved reliability and enhanced functioning. Avionic systems provide pilots with critical data such as aircraft altitude, airstream incidence, and air speed with the help of air data sensors, accelerometers, pilots control stick sensor assembly, rate gyros, and other systems.