中国自1990年以来，特别是2001年底加入WTO后，2002～2012年的10年间，汽柴油消费呈现出快速增长态势。其中，柴油消费量以年均8.30%的速度增长，2012年达到17024×104t；汽油消费量以年均8.76%的速度增长，2012年达到8684×104t；消费柴汽比2005年达到最高点2.26，2012年回落至1.96。国民经济综合因素主导着汽柴油消费；而“交通运输、仓储和邮政业”是影响汽柴油消费量变化最大的行业，占到7个汽柴油消费行业消费总量的50%以上，直接决定了汽柴油消费总量的走势；私人汽车保有量的快速增长使“生活消费”领域的汽柴油消费量增速最快；其他5个行业累计消费量变化不大。以1990～2012年汽柴油消费量为基础样本，结合经济和相关行业发展情况，选取影响各行业汽柴油消费的关联参数，选用统计回归和因子分析法对未来汽柴油消费走势进行预测。预计2015年、2020年和2030年我国柴油消费总量分别为2.04×108t、2.21×108t和2.37×108t左右，汽油消费总量分别为1.11×108t、1.32×108t和2.15×108t左右。汽油消费量增速要高于柴油消费量，消费柴汽比将持续走低，2030年可能回落到1.0左右。柴汽比的下降，会导致原有柴油产能过剩，应根据实际情况提前做出调整。

国家发改委和环境保护部4月3日联合印发《燃煤发电机组环保电价及环保设施运行监管办法》，要求燃煤发电机组必须按环保规定安装脱硫、脱硝和除尘环保设施，并要求发电企业必须安装运行烟气排放连续监测系统并与环保部门和电网企业联网，环保电价按单项污染物排放浓度小时均值进行考核。同时，为保证政策落实到位，对监管责任和处罚办法进行强化。

Energy harvesting devices are devices that convert ambient energy into electrical energy. Ambient energy is the energy available in the environment such as solar, wind, and chemical energy. During the energy harvesting process, a transducer is used to convert the ambient energy into electrical energy. The amount of electrical energy produced is small but it can be used for low-power applications. Some of the energy harvesting devices discussed in this report are wireless sensor nodes, wrist watches, and solar-plated mobile phones. Energy harvesting devices allow electronic products to work as contactless charging devices, which make the products highly efficient and reliable for end-users.

Transformer oil acts as a dielectric medium in oil-filled transformers to cool and insulate the transformer windings and core. Transformer windings and core, which are highly stable at high temperatures, are fully immersed in these oils as they prevent the contact of atmospheric oxygen with the cellulose paper insulation of windings, which are highly prone to oxidization. There are mainly three types of transformer oils: mineral-based, silicone-based, and bio-based. Of these, mineral-based transformer oil is largely preferred mainly because of its good electrical and cooling properties and cost-effectiveness.

Electrolytes, nano-structuring and graphene nanoplatelets for electrodes, and current collectors in batteries and supercapacitors were investigated. The following results were obtained: i) Nano-structuring of graphene nanoplatelets with and without conductive polymers produced supercapacitors with very high specific capacitance (>165 F/gm) and high frequency (>150 Hz) response with low losses; ii) graphene nanoplatelet thin films can replace copper current collectors in energy storage devices and save weight ~80% and reduced cost.

- TARDEC Energy Storage Team Goals, Mission, & Role - Army Applications & Challenges - Ragone Plot - Commercial vs Military - Dual Use 6T Program

This report investigates strategies to mitigate anticipated wind energy curtailment on Maui, with a focus on grid-level energy storage technology. The study team developed an hourly production cost model of the Maui Electric Company (MECO) system, with an expected 72 MW of wind generation and 15 MW of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation in 2015, and used this model to investigate strategies that mitigate wind energy curtailment. It was found that storage projects can reduce both wind curtailment and the annual cost of producing power, and can do so in a cost-effective manner. Most of the savings achieved in these scenarios are not from replacing constant-cost diesel-fired generation with wind generation. Instead, the savings are achieved by the more efficient operation of the conventional units of the system. Using additional storage for spinning reserve enables the system to decrease the amount of spinning reserve provided by single-cycle units. This decreases the amount of generation from these units, which are often operated at their least efficient point (at minimum load). At the same time, the amount of spinning reserve from the efficient combined-cycle units also decreases, allowing these units to operate at higher, more efficient levels.

This presentation provides an overview of two NREL energy storage studies: Wind Hydrogen in California: Case Study and Blending Hydrogen Into Natural Gas Pipeline Networks: A Review of Key Issues. 

天然气分布式能源比传统火力发电效率提高1倍以上，具有综合能效高、清洁环保、安全性好、削峰填谷等优点。国家已对天然气分布式能源发展提出了明确要求，但我国在发展过程中仍存在一些制约因素，如宣传力度不够，社会认知度低，观念亟待更新；法规不完善，部门之间利益博弈现象突出；优惠政策不配套；电网的技术条件、计量和控制方式、设计程序及基础设施等也存在限制条件；天然气分布式能源系统的关键部件严重依赖进口，核心技术有待突破；企业自身运营中存在投资成本大、回收期长，设备运行以及燃料成本过高等制约因素。推动我国天然气分布式能源发展要坚持5个基本原则，即保本微利、积极培育原则，先行先试、以点带面原则，收益共享、成本均摊原则，合理补偿原则和优质高价原则，并要处理好与电力公司和天然气公司的关系，以及与城市规划和能源总体规划的关系。建议应加强国家宏观层面的统筹管理，细化地方发展规划；完善法律法规建设，突破现行体制障碍；给予天然气分布式能源项目财税优惠，出台价格分摊和价格补贴政策，降低企业运营成本，缓解价格矛盾；另外，应加快构建技术标准，突破技术瓶颈，鼓励上中下游各方参与，加快示范项目建设，不断完善政策体系。