Freezer-on-bottom refrigerators offer more space, enabling the storage of larger items. As the condensers of these refrigerators are placed close to the ground (where temperature is comparatively cooler) in freezer-on-bottom refrigerators, they have higher cooling than top-mount refrigerators. The freezer-on-bottom refrigerator market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.01% during 2014-2019. Geographically, North America held the highest market share in 2014, followed by Europe. The two-door freezer-on-bottom refrigerator segment dominated the market. However, the demand for French door freezer-on-bottom refrigerators is increasing worldwide.

Elevators and escalators are installed in commercial, residential, and mixed-use buildings. They are also used in IT parks, hotels, restaurants, and retail outlets. The growth of the elevator and escalator market in Germany will be driven primarily by the construction of high-rise buildings. The demand for housing in the country is increasing, which is leading to an increase in the number of residential high-rise buildings. With the development of the high-rise construction market, a number of highrise buildings (especially for residential purposes) have been planned for construction during the forecast period. However, a high accident rate may have an adverse impact on the market's growth.

There is currently much research on agricultural robots being conducted worldwide. In addition, governments and research institutions in many countries are allocating grants to develop next-generation agricultural robots. For instance, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provided a $4.3 million research fund to the National Institute of Food and Agriculture in 2014 for developing advanced agricultural robots. Developed nations, especially the US and members of the EU, are spending heavily on developing advanced robots that can be used for commercial purposes. This continued research and innovation will boost the global agriculture robots market during the forecast period.

A residential air conditioner is deployed to lower the room temperature, maintain suitable humidity, supply ventilation, and keep the air free from dust, soot, and aerial micro-organisms. It uses the refrigerant cycle to remove heat from the room.

传统的电动汽车无线充电技术存在停车后充电、单次充电时间长、充电频繁等问题,严重影响电动汽车的续航里程。为此,该文重点研究一种基于多初级绕组并联方式的电动汽车公路式动态无线充电方法,利用分段导轨实现对行驶中电动汽车无线供电。首先,利用互感耦合模型对初级绕组并联耦合机构进行电路拓扑分析;其次,通过仿真分析获取所述耦合机构在能量传输过程中的物理特性及磁场强度分布特性;最后,研究了一种基于磁场强度检测的接收端定位方法,通过三轴磁传感器测量行驶方向的磁场强度,实现次级绕组的实时精确定位,测量周期为6 ms,分辨率为5 mG s。仿真和实验结果表明,所述磁耦合机构与传统单初级/次级绕组串并补偿结构相比,由于边界磁场强度增大,输出功率提高25%,传输效率提高7%。

雷暴天气中,输电线路风偏闪络事故发生的频度较高,须建立此类风场下合理的风偏计算方法。基于修正后的雷暴冲击风经验模型,考虑了风场的空间相关性和非稳态特性,采用矢量合成法生成了冲击风运动过程中整个输电线路的三维瞬态风场,构建了线路的冲击风风载作用模式。结合非线性有限元分析法,发展了一种运动雷暴冲击风作用下输电线路风偏动态分析的数值模拟方法。针对某500 k V实际输电线路中由8档组成的耐张段,建立了精细有限元模型并对线路的风偏响应进行了非线性瞬态动力求解。计算结果表明:当雷暴冲击风垂直于输电线路移动时,绝缘子串风偏角在几分钟内发生大幅变化,从正向最大值56°左右变为反向最大值20°左右;雷暴冲击风射流直径范围内的多个绝缘子串风偏角峰值均远大于边界层风场中10 m高度同等3s阵风风速下的静力模型计算结果。

对于磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输(magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer,MCR-WPT)系统,其谐振补偿网络是系统的重要组成部分。该文提出并设计了一种用于恒压输入、恒流输出磁耦合系统的新型补偿网络,该补偿网络不仅可实现电流增益的负载无关性,还具有单位功率因数输入的特性。理论推导出系统传输效率及输出功率的数学模型,并分析其与耦合系数、工作频率、负载电阻之间的相应特性曲线。数值仿真和实验结果表明,新型补偿网络应用于MCR-WPT系统时,可实现系统电流增益的负载无关性,并获得较高整机效率。

现有超高压同塔四回交流输电线路零序参数测量方法存在很多不足之处。针对这些不足,同时考虑同塔四回输电线路零序耦合参数多,存在难以推导全部零序参数计算方法的问题。基于分布参数模型和传输线方程,提出了一种新型超高压同塔四回输电线路的零序工频参数精确测量方法。应用PSCAD建立500 k V超高压同塔四回输电线路模型,对200~1 900 km的不同长度超高压同塔四回输电线路零序参数进行了仿真测量与误差分析比较。理论分析、仿真测试结果均表明,在不同长度同塔四回输电线路参数测量中,现有测量方法测量误差大,所提出的新型测量方法,可同时对零序电阻、零序电感、零序电容进行精确测量,且零序电阻误差在1.5%以内,零序电感和零序电容误差在0.9%以内,测量精度可满足实际工程测量的需要。

This thesis forms part of a larger study that aims to develop a renewable energy demonstration plant at the Naval Postgraduate School Turbopropulsion Laboratory. The architecture and design approach of the demonstration plant is outlined in this thesis. While all the components of the system are commercially available, the integration of the components is challenging. The results of the design approach presented the optimal way of integrating wind turbines, an electrical system, chiller units, and thermal storage tanks. Modular ice thermal tanks with polypropylene tubing were chosen for storage. The ice thermal storage units were selected over battery storage as they are more cost effective and potentially safer. A statistical analysis was performed using wind data from Monterey Airport, which was beneficial for choosing which wind turbines to implement in the system. The analysis determined that total energy captured by two, 4-kW vertical axis wind turbines was 2,554.8 kW-hours annually. Additionally, ANSYS Fluent was used to analyze the ice growth around the tubing at various ice and tube thicknesses. The ANSYS Fluent analysis showed that ice thickness affects the ice volume growth and change in enthalpy change more than wall thickness affects these conditions.

In this report, we Si/C composite with porous and yolk-shell structure, carbon coated mesoporous Fe2O3, C/CuO and S/C composites using aerosol pyrolysis, electrospray and CVD techniques. The electrochemical peroformances of these materials were tested, and the mechanism for long cycling stability and high rate capability of these materials were investigated. The findings were published in top journals. The objectives of this project in the year-two are to develop porous Si/C and C/S composite electrodes for high performance lithium ion batteries and to investigate the mechanism how the porous carbon matrix enhances the cycling stability of Si and S electrodes.

Advances in the understanding of multiphase flow characteristics under variable gravity conditions will ultimately lead to improved and as of yet unknown process designs for advanced space missions. Such novel processes will be of paramount importance to the success of future manned space exploration as we venture into our solar system and beyond. In addition, because of the ubiquitous nature and vital importance of biological and environmental processes involving airwater mixtures, knowledge gained about fundamental interactions and the governing properties of these mixtures will clearly benefit the quality of life here on our home planet. The techniques addressed in the current research involving multiphase transport in porous media and gas-liquid phase separation using capillary pressure gradients are also a logical candidate for a future International Space Station (ISS) flight experiment. Importantly, the novel and potentially very accurate Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) modeling of multiphase transport in porous media developed in this work offers significantly improved predictions of real world fluid physics phenomena, thereby promoting advanced process designs for both space and terrestrial applications.This 3-year research effort has culminated in the design and testing of a zero-g demonstration prototype. Both the hydrophilic (glass) and hydrophobic (Teflon) media Capillary Pressure Gradient (CPG) cartridges prepared during the second years work were evaluated. Results obtained from ground testing at 1-g were compared to those obtained at reduced gravities spanning Martian (13-g), Lunar (16-g) and zero-g. These comparisons clearly demonstrate the relative strength of the CPG phenomena and the efficacy of its application to meet NASAs unique gas-liquid separation (GLS) requirements in non-terrestrial environments.LB modeling software, developed concurrently with the zero-g test effort, was shown to accurately reproduce observed CPG driven gas-liquid separation phenomena. The design and fabrication of a micropost plate-lamina Hele-Shaw (HS) cell was performed which served as a computationally attainable geometric structure facilitating direct comparison between physical phenomena observed in our laboratory and the LB software predictions.

Thorough analysis of drag and power characteristics of hydrodynamic power turbines is necessary for the efficient extraction of energy available at sea. In an effort to obtain these characteristics for a three-bladed, axial- flow hydroturbine, used to provide electric power on small sailing vessels, a load cell and voltage measuring system was installed on a carriage in a towing tank for analysis across a speed range of 0.5 to 1.8 m/s. A high-speed camera was used to determine the precise carriage speed and the rotational speed of the turbine rotor. For validation of concept, two thin flat plates were analyzed using the same drag force measuring system in the tow tank to compare experimentally determined drag coefficients with known literature values. Results are shown for the drag force experienced by the flat plates and both the non-rotating and the rotating turbine configurations. Additional results are shown for the turbine s power generation capabilities at rotational speeds between 90 and 500 RPMs. Using computational fluid dynamics for the rectangular flat plate and non-rotational turbine configuration, the experimental and computational results for the drag force characteristics were compared.