Evaporation is a widely adopted process in food processing, chemicals, wastewater, and salvage solvents units to reduce the concentration of liquids. The ultimate aim of the evaporation process is to vaporize the maximum amount of water from a solution to obtain the final product. In the wastewater treatment industry, the purpose of evaporators is to evaporate the reusable water from the unwanted solid contaminants and wastes present and make it suitable for recycling.

In plain terms, mining operations pertain to the set of activities that facilitate the exploration, production, and separation of certain desirable metals and minerals from their ores. With all the major day-to-day operations based on the availability of these minerals, the importance of the mining industry increases manifolds. Mining operations are dependent on several factors that pertain to the accurate estimation regarding the positioning and recovery of the reserves. Some of the key factors that help aid the decision relating to the type of the mining operations includes.

The battery recycling process is a very critical process. If the process is not carried out properly, there can be excessive polluting of soil and water. The entire process of recycling a battery is exhibited in the chart below.

Sludge is a blend of liquid and solid wet mud-like components generated during the treatment of wastewater. It is viscous in nature. It contains water, natural materials, chemicals, and microorganisms including pathogens. The sludge produced by different industries include pollutants (heavy metals, pathogens, and organic pollutants) and compounds of agricultural value (organic waste, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur). The treatment of sludge depends on the pollution load of the treated water, and the characteristics of the sludge depend on the wastewater treatments undertaken.

核电站产生的废物的处理尽可能延用运行废物处理系统，考虑到退役废物的废物类别及产生量与运行废物差异较大，可考虑增设必要的废物处理手段或扩大废物处理能力，是否新建废物处理设施应综合考虑是否有适宜场址、工期是否允许以及是否存在与退役无关且足够大的子项可进行改扩建等操作。文章以 M310 堆为例，估算了单机组退役可能的退役废物产生量，同时，为实现废物最小化的目标，提出了进行设计优化，严格运行管理、避免事故发生，严格进行废物分类，利用废物处理手段减少废物处置量和废物体积以及对材料再循环再利用等建议。