Domestic players have leading positions in the paper manufacturing sector. Most of the companies are controlled by private capital and some are traded on a regulated market. In order to increase their market competitiveness, these companies have to optimise their input costs. This includes to generate their own electricity and import low-cost raw materials. The Chinese paper manufacturing sector has high entry barriers, because the major players on the market rely on economies of scale, which makes the companies’ capital outlays and fixed costs high. The Chinese government policy also contributes to high entry barriers, with the rising level of regulation related to climate change and energy efficiency, affecting the paper and paperboard production.