Industrial services comprise all types of services provided by market vendors to industries, such as engineering and consulting services, installation and commissioning, and operational improvement and maintenance.

Online travel agencies IT spending refers to the investment made by these companies in technology infrastructure, software systems, and digital platforms necessary for their operations. This includes expenditures on website development and maintenance, booking engines, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, payment gateways, mobile app development, and other IT-related projects. Online travel agencie IT spending is aimed at improving the online booking experience, enhancing user interfaces, ensuring secure transactions, managing customer data, and optimizing overall operational efficiency.

Middle office outsourcing refers to the packaging of traditional middle-office functions, such as trade processing, reconciliations, corporate actions and investment accounting, with new data aggregation, storage and analytics services. These middle-office operations are outsourced for competitive advantages.