报告从宏观政策环境、地方政策动态、竞争对手情报、产品与技术创新等几个方面进行了分析及评论。

报告从宏观政策环境、地方政策动态、竞争对手情报、产品与技术创新等几个方面进行了分析及评论。

An engine coolant is a heat transfer liquid used to remove the surplus heat from an ICE. It also helps in providing protection against corrosion and preventing freezing during winters. In terms of products, coolant is classified into three categories: ethylene glycol-based, propylene glycolbased, and glycerin/glycerol-based coolants. Ethylene glycol-based coolants are extensively used in the global automotive industry. Since they are toxic, automotive manufacturers are shifting to coolants made of propylene glycol. Owing to advances in technology and to meet automobile manufacturers’ need for coolants with longer lifespans, manufacturers are developing coolants with longer replacement cycles. The rising demand for automobiles (passenger cars and commercial vehicles, especially LCVs) in emerging countries positively affects market growth, as does an increase in the average lifespan of automobiles due to the advanced technologies used in their manufacture.

Air filters improve ignition, horsepower, and mileage of an automobile. They also improve air flow to the engine and the emission control system, enabling proper ignition of fuel. The production of air filters has gained momentum mainly because of the high demand in the aftermarket, as they need to be changed at regular intervals. Based on type, the air filters are segmented into cabin and intake air filters.

Rolling stock refers to wheeled railway vehicles that move on tracks. The vehicles primarily include locomotives, passenger rail vehicles, and freight wagons. The vehicles can be selfpropelled vehicles or propelled vehicles. These rolling stock products are capital-intensive and require huge investment and time to manufacture.

With an increase in the production and sales of vehicles worldwide, instances of car theft or hijacking are on the rise. Passenger car security products such as immobilizers, alarms, central locking systems, and RKE protect cars from theft or hijacking. These passenger car security products immediately alert the owner and the SOCs in cases of theft. Technologies such as RFID, RTLS, and GPS are used to track down stolen cars. For instance, General Motors' subsidiary, OnStar, provides car navigation systems, subscription-based communications, roadside assistance, and stolen vehicle assistance.

以发动机缸套-活塞环摩擦副为对象,研究润滑表面粗糙度、润滑油的变黏度效应以及气缸套圆周方向的形变等因素对润滑状态的影响。运用三维瞬态平均Reynolds方程与微凸体接触模型,建立缸套-活塞环三维瞬态动压润滑模型,并使用Fortran语言编制了润滑状态计算程序,得出行程内的最小油膜厚度、压力分布、摩擦力等曲线。结合实际工况对计算结果进行分析,表明在活塞环圆周方向上的油膜压力及油膜厚度分布都是不均匀的,有明显变化;在压缩冲程上止点附近,微凸体摩擦力数倍于流体摩擦力,是引起摩擦磨损的主要原因。

利用电子低压冲击仪(ELPI)对一台满足国Ⅴ排放标准的缸内直喷汽油车进行了颗粒物排放特性研究。试验按照NEDC测试循环在转鼓试验台上进行,分别测量车辆在-15℃,-7℃和25℃下的颗粒物排放。通过对试验结果的研究表明:3个温度下,颗粒物的数量浓度随温度的下降大幅上升,粒径分布范围逐渐变大,均在相同粒径下出现峰值;颗粒物体积浓度随粒径的增大而增大;数量浓度对表面积浓度的影响大于体积浓度,尤其在-15℃下,这种影响更加显著。通过对颗粒物的瞬态排放结果的分析发现:3个温度下,颗粒物的排放主要集中在NEDC循环前200s,数量浓度随车辆的加速而上升,随减速而下降;在-15℃下,在整个NEDC循环的加速工况均出现表面积浓度的排放峰值,且峰值之间较为接近。