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保加利亚油气报告 - 2018年第二季度
Bulgaria's energy market remains a comparatively challenging place to operate with continued cases of fraud being investigated in
both the upstream issuance of licences, and in the transparency of downstream exports.
Bulgaria's Commission for Protection of Competition (CPC) opened a formal investigation in February 2016 against seven petrol and
diesel fuel retailers in addition to the Neftochim refinery. These retailers are suspected of entering a price-fixing cartel and abusing
its dominant market position on the wholesale market.
Following the eight month investigation, the CPC said in October 2016 that it had found evidence of a cartel agreement between
fuel retailers Shell Bulgaria, OMV Bulgaria, NIS Petrol, Eco Bulgaria, Lukoil Bulgaria and local petrol distributor Petrol.
Nevertheless, no mention was made of the Lukoil Neftochim refinery. In May 2017, Neftochim was cleared from the investigation,
with no signs of wrongdoing.
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克罗地亚油气报告 - 2018年第二季度
Croatia approved a legal framework for exploration of oil and production of oil and gas in 2013. The Hydrocarbons Exploration and
Production Act (ZIEU) framework was aligned with EU oil and gas regulations. The Mining Act (ZR), which also came into effect in
2013, is another key regulatory framework governing the oil and gas sector.
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哥伦比亚油气报告 - 2018年第二季度
Colombia's business environment in the oil and gas sector improved over the past decade, particularly due to the partial
privatisation of state-owned Ecopetrol in 2003. The government's attempts to improve the country's security situation, particularly
regarding the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) guerrilla group, also led to increased foreign investment into
the country over the past decade, translating into record oil and gas production growth.
Continued progress, however, has grown increasingly tenuous as a result of weak below-ground rewards amid a lower oil price
environment. With large direct investments still needed to ensure growth within the sector, we note that less favourable project
economics will undermine private sector investment over the coming decade. Furthermore, while attacks on oil pipelines have
declined versus years past as a result of the ongoing FARC disarmament, such disturbances continue to negatively impact the
investment appeal of Colombia's hydrocarbon resources.