Data centers are the largest consumers of electricity in the world. Data centers
consume around 3% of the world’s electricity, which is expected to reach over 8% by
2030. The increasing construction of hyperscale data centers will raise the energy
demand by more than 600 terawatt-hours of electricity by 2021. A data center can
consume power ranging from 100 kW to over 100 MW. The incoming power to the
facility from the utility feed is 2−33 kV, which is reduced to 480 V using on-site
transformers. The power from the transformer is fed into the switchgear or automatic
transfer switches (ATS), which are connected in parallel to the generator to supply
backup power during outages.