在经历了上年的快速发展后，1～2月新能源行业进入调整期：风电新增装机较上年同期提高18万千瓦，但行业投资额和设备利用小时较上年出现下降；核电发电量实现稳步增长，但设备利用小时有所下滑；上年装机迅猛增长透支了部分市场空间，太阳能发电新增装机有所下降。虽然前两个月新能源行业发展有所放缓，但这是行业经历上年快速增长后的调整阶段，并不会改变行业未来稳步发展的总体趋势。预计2014年1季度，新能源行业发展将以调整为主，其中风电和太阳能发电新增装机将继续保持增长态势。

本报告从能源行业事件分析；竞争环境、竞争对手、行业数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

1～2月份，全国电力供需平衡。受市场需求增长乏力及1月份气温偏高等因素影响，全社会用电量增速同比回落，第三产业和城乡居民生活用电量增速较低，轻工业用电量增长缓慢，四大高耗能行业用电量增速回落幅度较大。全国水电发电量保持快速增长，但增量主要集中在云南和四川两省。电网投资同比较快增长，电源投资下降较多，其中水电投资下降超过30%。基建新增发电装机容量与上年同期基本相当。2014年上半年，预计我国经济将呈现“前低后稳”的态势，一季度中国经济增长将低于7.5%。预计一季度全社会用电量增速达到5%，电力消费增速预计将比2013年小幅回落。随着未来环保压力的加大，同时在加快结构调整、化解过剩产能背景下，我国淘汰落后产能步伐将会加快，必将对用电需求增长产生一定抑制。

2014 年以来，经济基本面对煤炭需求的拉动力度整体偏弱，煤炭进口高位波动，由于下游需求不振、煤炭价格持续下跌，中小煤矿全面复产可能性较小，煤炭供给低位波动，煤炭供求处于基本平衡、略显宽松的格局。3 月以后，随着气温回升，北方取暖结束，季节性需求明显走低，同时部分地方煤矿复产，煤炭供给有所反弹，煤炭供求逐步宽松方向发展，甚或面临较大过剩压力。展望2014 年全年，从煤炭需求看，我国经济企稳回升态势明显，预计2014 年仍将保持7.5%左右的增速。考虑国家不断加大大气污染治理力度，京津冀、长三角和珠三角等主要煤炭消费地区需求将受到抑制，但替代能源技术成熟度和经济可行性有待进一步提升，全国煤炭需求将继续保持小幅增长，全年煤炭消费量约为36.65 亿吨，同比增长1.5%左右。

报告从新能源相关定义、产业热点、产业研究、新能源相关数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

2013 年，受国内经济增长乏力影响，我国电力设备制造业发展速度有所放慢。从供求看，发电设备和输变电设备发展出现分化，其中受电源投资放缓影响发电设备产量出现下降，而主要输变电设备在电网建设加速带动下产量稳步增长；从投资看，下游需求的疲软导致企业投资动力不足，行业固定资产投资增速明显放慢。但值得欣喜的是，国家行业结构优化升级政策效果初显，行业效益有所回升，行业主营业务收入和利润增速有所提高。综合来看，预计2014 年，电力设备制造业下游需求将继续改善，出口将稳步增长，同时在政府调控和市场倒逼机制作用下，行业结构将持续优化。但也要看到，未来行业产能过剩的状况将依然存在，低价竞争仍会是企业市场竞争的重要手段，大部分电力设备制造企业经营效益依然会低位徘徊，行业未来发展形势依然较为严峻。

This is Volume 4 of the Renewable Electricity Futures Study: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures. The Renewable Electricity Futures Study (RE Futures), is an initial investigation of the extent to which renewable energy supply can meet the electricity demands of the continental United States over the next several decades. This study explores the implications and challenges of very high renewable electricity generation levels - from 30up to 90, focusing on 80, of all U.S. electricity generation from renewable technologies - in 2050. The study explores electricity grid integration using models with unprecedented geographic and time resolution for the contiguous United States to assess whether the U.S. power system can supply electricity to meet customer demand on an hourly basis with high levels of renewable electricity, including variable wind and solar generation.

An advanced energy management and control system in an existing building in the Construction and Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for Army at Urbana-Champaign (IL) was demonstrated. The medium-size office building underwent a retrofit of the HVAC system and controls employing a technology called optimal Model Predictive Control (MPC) which offers significant potential for saving energy by providing a means to dynamically optimize various sub-systems to take advantage of building utilization and weather patterns, and utility rate structures. A multi-variable optimization problem to minimize energy consumption and cost while guaranteeing zonal comfort over a 3 hour predictive horizon was formulated and solved periodically on line. The algorithms were integrated with the building automation system and evaluated experimentally at the demonstration site. A 45-50reduction in HVAC system energy use was demonstrated while improving occupant comfort. A 10-15installation cost reduction was accomplished due to the use of a robust wireless sensor network versus a fully wired network.

 During the course of this work and immediately prior to commencing, we discovered that glycerol, a major by-product of the conventional transesterification reaction for biofuels, is not formed but rather three methoxylated glycerol derivatives are produced. These derivatives are high-value specialty green chemicals that strongly upgrade the economics of the process, rendering this approach as one that now values the biofuel only as a by-product, the main value products being the methoxylated glycerols. A horizontal agitated thin-film evaporator (one square foot heat transfer area) proved effective as the primary reactor facilitating the reaction and vaporization of the products, and subsequent discharge of the spent algae solids that are suitable for supplementing petrochemical-based fertilizers for agriculture.

The overall goal of this project is to conduct fundamental studies on advanced ceramic materials and fiber optic devices for developing new types of high temperature (＞500(degree)C) fiber optic chemical sensors (FOCS) for monitoring fossil (mainly coal) and biomass derived gases in power plants.This report summarizes research works of two integrated parts: (1) development of metal oxide solid thin films as sensing materials for detection and measurement of important gas components relevant to the coal- and biomass-derived syngas and combustion gas streams at high temperatures; and (2) development of fiber optic devices that are potentially useful for constructing FOCS in combination with the solid oxide thin films identified in this program.

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

This thesis presents the results of an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of algae and camelina derived biofuels as well as the effects of Transient Plasma Ignition in a Compression-Ignition Engine. Testing was conducted for Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel, algae, and benchmarked against F-76 and Diesel No. 2 fuels as well as Hydrotreated Renewable Jet, camelina, benchmarked against JP-5 across a matrix of constant engine speeds and engine loads in a Detroit Diesel 3-53 legacy engine. A heat release rate analysis and a cycle analysis were performed at each matrix point. The algae and camelina fuels averaged 1.4 Crank Angle Degrees earlier ignition, 2 Crank Angle Degrees longer burn duration, 2.25 atmospheres decrease in Peak Pressure, 1.4 Crank Angle Degrees delay in Angle of Peak Pressure, 0.5increase in Indicated Mean Effective Pressure, and 6decrease in Break Specific Fuel Consumption than their petroleum counterpart. A comparison between Diesel No. 2 at idle was performed between Transient Plasma Ignition Assisted Compression-Ignition and conventional Compression-Ignition.

The objective of the proposed research is the demonstration and development of a novel biomass pyrolysis technology for the production of a stable bio-oil. The approach is to carry out catalytic hydrodeodgenation(HDO) and upgrading together with pyrolysis in a single fluidized bed reactor with a unique two-level design that permits the physical separation of the two processes. The hydrogen required for the HDO will be generated in the catalytic section by the water-gas shift reaction employing recycled CO produced from the pyrolysis reaction itself. Thus, the use of a reactive recycle stream is another innovation in this technology. The catalysts will be designed in collaboration with BASF Catalysts LLC (formerly Engelhard Corporation), a leader in the manufacture of attrition-resistant cracking catalysts. The proposed work will include reactor modeling with state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics in a supercomputer, and advanced kinetic analysis for optimization of bio-oil production.

This guide helps users get started with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory Fuel Cell Power (FCPower) Model Version 2, which is a Microsoft Excel workbook that analyzes the technical and economic aspects of high-temperature fuel cell-based distributed energy systems with the aim of providing consistent, transparent, comparable results. This type of energy system would provide onsite-generated heat and electricity to large end users such as hospitals and office complexes. The hydrogen produced could be used for fueling vehicles or stored for later conversion to electricity.

The primary objectives of this project are to demonstrate: (1) energy efficiency gains achievable in small- to medium-sized buildings with MPC- based whole-building optimal control and (2) reduction in first costs achievable with a wireless sensor network (WSN)-based building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) control system compared to a conventional wired system. The second objective is key because first cost is a barrier to wider application of advanced HVAC control and 70of the first cost is attributed to installation (wiring) and commissioning.