An unmanned underwater vehicle is a small submarine used for underwater tasks. They can be divided into two categories: ROV and AUV. ROVs are usually tethered with cables, whereas AUVs operate independently and are remotely controlled. ROVs are divided into two classes: work class and eyeball. Work class ROVs are large and heavy and have the ability to lift large equipment. Eyeball ROVs are small and used in scientific exploration, inspection, observation, and rescue. AUVs are untethered and are programmed to gather oceanographic data for a set period, without any human supervision. Payloads are attached to the unmanned underwater vehicles; they help collect data and enhance the functionality of the vehicles.

An interactive whiteboard is a large display connected to a computer to display computer images and data. IWB allows users to drag, click, and copy items using a pen, finger, or stylus. IWBs are rapidly emerging as one of the most popular and successful technologies in classroom environments because they allow users to write or draw on surfaces, print images, and save or distribute documents over networks. This technique makes teaching easy and interesting compared to conventional whiteboards. IWBs are also gaining popularity in other sectors, such as the corporate and government sectors.

A smart card is made up of PVC, polyester, or polycarbonate embedded with an integrated circuit, microcontroller, and memory chip.

The use of sonar by humans was first recorded by Leonardo da Vinci in 1490. Intense research on the concept of sonar technology as it is known today was prompted by the Titanic disaster of April 1912. During the World War I the need to detect submarines fueled more research for sonar development. Active sonar is used for civilian purposes like oil exploration activities, fishing, and hydrographic and nautical charting activities. Passive sonar is used in military activities. Active sonar generates a pulse of sound and listens for its reflections when the pulse hits an object. Passive sonar, on the other hand, listens without transmitting.

This is the final report for a grant covering research across a broad domain of metamaterial-based antenna research at the visible and near- infrared range (600nm to 2000nm), culminating in 38 peer-reviewed papers. The research covers elements of metamaterial-based antennas and antenna arrays in semiconductor devices, attempting to understand geometric effects of the unit cell on metamaterial performance and then translating this knowledge into design principles. The metamaterial-based antenna research is divided into five broad sub-areas: resonance tuning for concave antennas, capacitive versus conductive coupling, on-demand design (termed 'popcorn' antennas), broadband plasmonic metamaterials, and light focusing/energy harvesting by plasmonic antennas. The research on antenna arrays is divided into enhancement of organic solar cells by antenna arrays, applications of antenna arrays to speed LED response, current injection using antenna metamaterials, and the implementation of an enhanced short-wave infrared (SWIR) quantum cascade detector.

This document describes the design, construction, and testing of a proof-of-concept hardware and software package that combines cognitive radio and autonomous vehicles in a single system whose behavior captures the essential features of both. The result is a low-cost (less than $200) cognitive radio and cognitive engine package suitable for installation in the small experimental UAVs flown by USAFRL. Experiments with the package controlling a small wheeled vehicle demonstrate its ability to explore and learn a multidimensional environment that combines changing RF, location, and mission data and to optimize its mission performance intelligently.

Matrix multiplication is one of the most fundamental algorithmic problems in numerical linear algebra, distributed computing, scientific computing, and high-performance computing. Parallelization of matrix multiplication has been extensively studied (e.g., 21, 12, 24, 2, 51, 39, 36, 23, 45, 61). It has been addressed using many theoretical approaches, algorithmic tools, and software engineering methods in order to optimize performance and obtain faster and more efficient parallel algorithms and implementations. To design efficient parallel algorithms, it is necessary not only to load balance the computation, but also to minimize the time spent communicating between processors. The interprocessor communication costs are in many cases significantly higher than the computational costs. Moreover, hardware trends predict that more problems will become communication-bound in the future 38, 35. Even matrix multiplication, which is widely considered to be computation-bound, becomes communication-bound when a given problem is run on sufficiently many processors.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) can be described as smart systems that encompass computational (i.e., hardware and software) and physical components, seamlessly integrated and closely interacting to sense the changing state of the real world. These systems involve a high degree of complexity at numerous spatial and temporal scales and highly networked communications integrating computational and physical components. CPS are enabling a new generation of smart systems and the economic impacts could be enormous. The disruptive technologies emerging from combining the cyber and physical worlds could provide an innovation engine for a broad range of U.S. industries, creating entirely new markets and platforms for growth. New products and services will bring the creation and retention of U.S. jobs. The nation will also benefit through greater energy and national security, enhanced U.S. competitiveness, and improved quality of life for citizens.