报告从政策环境、市场行情、厂商动态、科技研发、国际资讯、行业数据、分析评论等几个方面对医药行业进行了分析评论。

通过分析基本药物政策实施后新农合居民医药服务选择意向与利用变化，提出相关政策建议。方法：收集资料运用描述性分析、对比分析与雷达图等方法。结果：新农合居民对村卫生室医药服务选择意向下降，乡镇卫生院、县级及以上医疗机构选择意向呈上升趋势；村卫生室医药服务利用下降，乡镇卫生院上升，县级医疗机构变化不明显。结论：如不正确引导新农合居民医药服务选择意向，可能会促使其实际利用向县级及以上医疗机构转移，可能会对基层医疗机构尤其村卫生室的健康发展产生影响。

报告从医药行业事件分析、竞争环境、竞争对手、行业数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

Peptides are organic compounds that are composed of amino acids linked together chemically by peptide bonds. They are among the most potent biologically active substances found in nature, and are used to control, trigger, and maintain physiological processes in living beings. However, the use of peptides as therapeutic agents has always been difficult because of their inherent instability and incapability of passing through cellular membranes. Peptides also entail the requirement of specific technology to tackle the extensive and challenging steps in their synthesis. Currently, there are more than 80 peptides marketed by various companies. The companies continue to explore the probability of designing and engineering peptides that overcome their natural confines, so as to be used as therapeutic agents.

PGD testing involves the identification of genetic defects in embryos. It is primarily performed to identify single-gene disorders such as sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, hemophilia, Marfan’s disease, thalassemia, muscular distrophy, Tay-Sachs disease, and spinal muscular atrophy. PGD testing is generally carried out on people when they have a known genetic defect or in late-age pregnancy or if a woman has a history of repeated miscarriage. The transfer of an embryo into the uterus is done after PGD testing so that couples can make a decision about the consecutive steps they would like to take with regard to the IVF process. The technologies primarily used for PGD testing are PCR, FISH, CGH, and SNP. PCR is the most widely used technology in PGD. FISH testing is a technology that is beneficial in the determination of chromosomal abnormalities, X-linked diseases, and aneuploidy screening. CGH and SNP testing are advanced technologies in PGD that have a high accuracy in screening and diagnosis.

Pediatric vaccines are used for the immunization of children to give protection against various infectious diseases such as diphtheria, influenza, hepatitis, pneumococcal diseases, and meningococcal diseases. According to the classification adopted by the US FDA, children are classified as newborn, infant, child, and adolescent, ranging from birth to 21 years of age. However, the EMA classifies pediatrics as ranging from birth to 18 years of age.

In this program, we proposed to establish a Nanomedicine Core to train faculty and students at Howard University to pursue molecular imaging of breast cancer using nanoparticles as targeted drug delivery vehicles. This is a partnership with the Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular Molecular Imaging Center and the Nanotechnology Characterization Lab at NCI-Frederick. At Howard University, this partnership involves a multidisciplinary consortium of four departments: Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Electrical Engineering. The program has two components, a research component and a broad training component. The Howard University trainees will obtain training through collaborative research and by participation in a broad based training program. Renowned experts in nanomedicine and molecular imaging will participate in the training through mentoring research, seminars, workshops, and by offering laboratory internships. This transfer of nanomedicine techniques will support ongoing, long-term breast cancer research at Howard University. The major goal is to provide faculty trainees and their students at Howard with updated nanomedicine techniques to apply to independent breast cancer research, thus enhancing their ability to educate the next generation of scientists.

This educational case study document is one in a series of self-instructional modules designed to increase the primary care providers knowledge of hazardous substances in the environment and to promote the adoption of medical practices that aid in the evaluation and care of potentially exposed patients.

To help control the growth of hospital spending, give hospitals an incentive to provide care efficiently, and ensure beneficiary access, Congress created the IPPS in 1983. Yet, Congress can enhance Medicare payments to certain hospitals by changing the qualifying criteria for IPPS payment categories, creating and extending exceptions to IPPS rules, or by exempting certain types of hospitals from the IPPS. The Institute of Medicine and the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission have stated that such practices undermine the integrity of the IPPS. GAO was asked to review legislation that altered payments to certain hospitals. In this report, GAO (1) identified provisions of law that enhanced Medicare payments for only a subset of hospitals and (2) examined the extent to which hospitals qualified for adjustments to the IPPS or exemptions from the IPPS in 2012. To conduct this work, GAO reviewed provisions enacted from 1997 to 2012 to identify those that adjusted payments to a subset of IPPS hospitals or exempted hospitals from the IPPS. GAO analyzed data to learn the number, location, and size of hospitals affected by these provisions and budgetary estimates for the first year of implementation, where available. GAO also analyzed 2012 data on 4,783 general hospitals to determine the number and types of adjustments they received, the extent to which they qualified for multiple adjustments, and the number exempted from the IPPS. The Department of Health and Human Services reviewed a draft of this report, and provided technical comments, which we incorporated as appropriate.