Excavators are used to excavate, discharge, or elevate materials with the help of a bucket fitted to a boom.

Permanent magnets are made of ferromagnetic materials that create their own magnetic field. They can be broadly classified into rare earth magnets, ferrites, SmCo-based permanent magnets, and other magnets. Rare earth magnets are powerful permanent magnets made from rare earth elements. Unlike electromagnets, permanent magnets do not require continuous electric energy to maintain their electric field. They can retain their magnetic properties even when removed from a magnetic field. This makes permanent magnet motors preferable over electromagnetic motors.

Haying and forage machinery is used to produce plant-based feed for animals.

An air compressor is a machine that takes in air at atmospheric pressure and compresses it within a holding chamber resulting in the delivery of high-pressure compressed air. Air compressors are used in several areas such as commercial businesses and jet engines, as well as in the manufacturing, chemical, and petroleum industries. Air compressors can be segmented into portable and stationary in terms of type and based on operations they can be segmented int rotary, reciprocating, and centrifugal compressors.

This research presents a tool for laboratory managers to quickly determine if employing a DCV system is potentially life-cycle cost effective. The tool presented is not to be used as sole justification for implementing a DCV system; instead, laboratory managers using this tool will be able to quickly determine if further investigation into DCV installation is warranted. The results show that a DCV system is life-cycle cost effective for many different HVAC system total pressure and square footage combinations.