Armored vehicles include ground combat and transportation vehicles used by landbased military forces for operations such as transporting cargo and military personnel, as well as for operating in active combats. These vehicles are protected by armor and in many cases armed with weapons. Armored vehicles provide significant strength to a country’s army and are used in large numbers by military forces around the world.

An unmanned underwater vehicle is a small submarine used for underwater tasks. They can be divided into two categories: ROV and AUV. ROVs are usually tethered with cables, whereas AUVs operate independently and are remotely controlled. ROVs are divided into two classes: work class and eyeball. Work class ROVs are large and heavy and have the ability to lift large equipment. Eyeball ROVs are small and used in scientific exploration, inspection, observation, and rescue. AUVs are untethered and are programmed to gather oceanographic data for a set period, without any human supervision. Payloads are attached to the unmanned underwater vehicles; they help collect data and enhance the functionality of the vehicles.

Aircraft PMA parts are manufactured according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) design and production approval process. These parts are approved replacements for the original OEM parts. The production of aircraft PMA parts by thirdparty companies started in the US in the 1950s. In the absence of PMA manufacturers, OEMs have the monopoly over the design and manufacture of aircraft and aftermarket parts.

Product lifecycle management (PLM) is used to manage a product, from its conception to the service and delivery of the manufactured product. Manufacturing companies need the PLM software to deal with various functionalities at different levels of an organization, including designing, engineering, and manufacturing of the products. Expanding product portfolios and the complexities involved in product development have boosted the demand for a system that can act as one-stop solution for production processes across industries. The implementation of PLM in an organization results in higher revenue, reduced cost, and capital efficiency.

As part of NASA's Avionics Steering Committee's stated goal to advance the avionics discipline ahead of program and project needs, the committee initiated a multi-Center technology roadmapping activity to create a comprehensive avionics roadmap. The roadmap is intended to strategically guide avionics technology development to effectively meet future NASA missions needs. The scope of the roadmap aligns with the twelve avionics elements defined in the ASC charter, but is subdivided into the following five areas: Foundational Technology (including devices and components), Command and Data Handling, Spaceflight Instrumentation, Communication and Tracking, and Human Interfaces.

Multi-Mission Earth Entry Vehicles (MMEEVs) are blunt-body vehicles designed with the purpose of transporting payloads from outer space to the surface of the Earth. To achieve high-reliability and minimum weight, MMEEVs avoid use of limited-reliability systems, such as parachutes and retro-rockets, instead using built-in impact attenuators to absorb energy remaining at impact to meet landing loads requirements. The Multi-Mission Systems Analysis for Planetary Entry (M-SAPE) parametric design tool is used to facilitate the design of MMEEVs and develop the trade space. Testing was conducted to characterize the material properties of several candidate impact foam attenuators to enhance M-SAPE analysis. In the current effort, two different Rohacell foams were tested to determine their thermal conductivity in support of MMEEV design applications. These applications include thermal insulation during atmospheric entry, impact attenuation, and post-impact thermal insulation in support of thermal soak analysis. Results indicate that for these closed-cell foams, the effect of impact is limited on thermal conductivity due to the venting of the virgin material gas and subsequent ambient air replacement. Results also indicate that the effect of foam temperature is significant compared to data suggested by manufacturer's specifications.