Rubber is a polymer that is classified into two types, namely, natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Natural rubber is extracted from latex, which is a milky fluid emanating from the bark of rubber trees, while synthetic rubber is manufactured through chemical processes. The rubber is processed using various chemicals to improve its resistance to heat, sunlight, oxidation, ozone, and mechanical stress. Rubber processing chemicals are also an integral component used for vulcanizing rubber. They are classified into different groups based on their functions. The different types that are mainly used are antidegradants, accelerators, processing aids, anti-scorch agents, blowing agents, polymerization regulators, and shortstops.

Flexible packaging products are made of easy-yielding materials that can easily change shape to accommodate the product being packaged. Plastic, aluminum, and paper are used to make flexible packaging. These materials undergo printing, lamination, coating, and extrusion to develop products such as plastic bags and pouches, lidding films, foil bags, and sachets. Packaging protects the product from damage and spoilage, and improves its overall aesthetic appeal. It also provides essential information about the product and convenience for consumers in terms of handling.

Racing tires are a range of high-performance tires that are customized for usage in racing vehicles. Production of racing tires is capital-intensive, requiring a significant degree of hi-tech equipment coupled with highly trained and skilled manpower dedicated to the purpose of engineering and manufacture. Racing tires are designed to deliver superior performance, and therefore undergo various quality, durability, and speed tests. Besides natural and synthetic rubber as the primary raw material, textile reinforcements like rayon, aramid, nylon, and polyester are also used to manufacture racing tires.

Blister packaging is a pre-formed plastic packaging used for small consumer goods, pharmaceutical drugs, and medical devices. A blister pack is made of aluminum foil or plastic with a cavity or pocket made from thermoformed plastic. It protects products from contamination, humidity and other external conditions. Blister packs are manufactured through two processes: thermoforming and cold forming. Primarily, these packs are used to package pharmaceutical products such as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and medicines, and small medical devices. A blister that folds onto itself is known as a clamshell.

采用脉冲激光(λ=1 064 nm,v=3 m/s,f=45 k Hz)对聚氨酯(PUR)表面的形貌和湿润性进行改性。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、三维视频显微镜、激光非接触式粗糙度测试仪研究了激光功率对PUR表面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,激光刻蚀后的PUR表面具有孔洞、凸起、沟槽的形貌特征,表面粗糙度增大;功率从1 W增大到7W的过程中,表面粗糙度逐渐增大;功率7~10 W变化时,表面粗糙度逐渐减小。采用SEM、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、SL200B型接触角测定仪探讨了激光改性对PUR表面湿润性的影响机理。结果表明,未经激光改性的PUR表面,水接触角为73°,表明此时PUR表面呈亲水性;激光改性后,水接触有所增大,当P=5 W时,接触角为94°,表明PUR表面已由亲水性变为疏水性,另外发现,随着激光功率的增加,接触角逐渐变大,当P=7 W时,水接触达到最大值123°,分析激光改性前后的PUR表面XPS图谱发现,改性后材料表面的碳氧比例(O/C)有所增加,表明含氧极性官能团增加,理论上更利于PUR表面的亲水性,但由于表面形貌的变化,材料表面仍呈疏水性,符合Cassie模型。所以,激光改性使得PUR表面湿润性发生变化主要是由其表面的形貌发生变化所引起的。

研究挖补树脂基复合材料的修补参数对弯曲强度恢复值的影响规律,确定了优化的修补工艺参数。通过有限元分析模型模拟获得的挖补优化工艺参数与修补工艺研究试验的结果相吻合,对工程实际应用具有很好的指导意义。

采用模压方法制备纺织结构碳纤维增强尼龙6(CFF/PA6)复合材料,研究了不同成型工艺下制备的复合材料的结构与力学性能。基于对PA6树脂基体的DSC分析,以及对不同温度下制备的复合材料进行外观形貌对比,确定最佳成型温度为250℃;调节模压成型压力,制备一系列CFF/PA6复合材料,并借助以下表征手段对复合材料结构与性能进行评价:采用静力学实验测试CFF/PA6的拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度,分析强度与韧性随成型压力的变化规律;采用密度法对CFF/PA6复合材料进行孔隙率测试,考察CFF/PA6复合材料模压成型压力对孔隙率的影响;借助扫描电子显微镜观察CFF/PA6复合材料的断面形貌。基于实验结果,最终确定CFF/PA6复合材料的模压成型压力为2.5~3 MPa。在该条件下制备的CFF/PA6复合材料,冲击强度、弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别为67 k J/m2、603.94MPa和321.82 MPa。