Transcriptomics involves the collection and analysis of transcriptomes of different types of cells or tissues present in an organism. The transcriptome characterizes the set of all RNA molecules, which is a part of the genetic code. The difference in genetic expression symbolizes the wide-ranging biochemical and physical differences present among various cells and tissues that may cause genetic disorders.

Cell analysis helps identify and map many of the basic biochemical and physical processes of life. Bio-specimen preparation, cell and tissue separation, and characterization products are used to isolate and assess cells. Cell analysis products are used by various industries including biotechnology, pharmaceutical, research, and contract research organizations (CROs). They have a wide range of applications in drug discovery and development, stem cell research, cell biology, and other research practices. These technologies help analyze the internal structure of cells, their characteristics, cellular pathways, and the cellular response to any component such as a drug.

The concept of reference laboratory is a recent phenomenon. Reference laboratories are private as well as commercial facilities that usually perform specialty and highvolume testing routinely. Physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, government agencies, insurance companies, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology companies outsource most of their specialty tests to reference laboratories. Though mid- and large-sized hospitals perform most of the tests at their in-house laboratories but approach reference laboratories for specialized tests that usually require specialized equipment.

Mobile satellite services (MSS) provide effective communication services beyond the terrestrial range and serves as an ultimate and appropriate channel in emergency situations. MSS include voice, low-speed data, fax, paging, high-speed data, and broadcast and video on demand. MSS systems are categorized based on their orbital altitudes such as geostationary orbit (GEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and low earth orbit (LEO). MSS find its application in the key market segments such as the aviation sector, maritime sector, and government sector. Distinguishing benefits of MSS are priority access, global connectivity, terrain independence, and access diversity. These unique features and capabilities are used to enhance communications and to augment terrestrial-based wireless systems. Due to congestion of frequency bands, satellite service providers are pressurized to develop advanced and capable infrastructure that can cope up with the increasing customer specific requirements.

PCR as a molecular genetics technique is used to amplify and analyze nucleic acids. It is a very precise, specific, and accurate technique that can amplify a specific DNA target from a mixture of DNA molecules. The technique is prevalently used in a broad range of applications in research and diagnosis including genetic engineering, cloning, genotyping, sequencing, and disease diagnosis.

信用评级揭示的是特定的信用风险，而不是投资风险、经营风险等，且评价落脚点是偿还债务本息的意愿与能力，而不是价值或业绩。信用评级种类繁多，不同种类信用评级的侧重点不同。结合业务与投资范围，我们的评级类别主要包括主体信用评级和债券信用评级。