汽油发动机和柴油发动机都属于内燃机，柴油机二氧化碳排放量比汽油机低45%，碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的排放约为汽油机的10-%-17%，但传统柴油机燃烧所排放的黑烟和氮氧化物比汽油机多，目前柴油机针对该缺陷尾气处理取得了技术上突破，涡轮增压直接喷射技术(Turbo DirectInjection,简称TDI)改变了过去冒黑烟、功率低的形象，柴油机更为广泛的应用由此打开局面。

本文分别从全球（中国）环境、行业产业链介绍、市场规模、行业竞争格局、行业进入壁垒、主要厂商比较分析、行业主要用户分析等几个方面进行了分析及评论。

石油天然气价格不断上涨，亚洲与其他新兴经济体需求持续增加，全球竞争也更激烈，石化企业因此面临新的挑战。长期可靠的原料来源、技术和市场因而显得愈发重要，这也是企业应对时刻变化的市场需求的必备条件。企业需重新审视战略方向，并相应地调整其商业模式。

2010 年，全球水资源管理和污水处理技术市场规模达到3500 亿美元左右。2025 年，2/3 的世界人口可能会面临水资源短缺，因此水处理行业将会越来越得到重视，这包括高效率的水资源管理和污水处理。

2012 年全球铸件产量在超过2008 年衰退前水平一年后达到了1 亿多吨，比2011 年增加2.3%。全球铸件总产量在经历了2009 年的急速下滑后，用了两年多的时间恢复到经济衰退前的水平。

冶金专用设备主要用于钢铁和有色金属的冶炼。近年来，中国汽车、造船、建筑、石油化工、核电能源、油气输送等国民经济各个领域的飞跃发展，带动了以钢铁冶金行业为龙头的冶金专用设备的发展。

2010 年，世界液压破碎机市场总产销量大约在16 万台左右，主要市场依然是欧洲和北美，但由于受金融危机的冲击，这两个地区液压破碎机市场增速放缓，而包括中国、印度在内的新兴市场增长非常快，特别是中国液压破碎机市场，已在世界上占有非常重要的位置。2010 年，中国液压破碎机市场销量约达6 万余台。

A wheeled loader is a special type of heavy equipment machine that helps in moving asphalt, dirt, snow, logs, raw materials, debris generation from demolition, rocks, sand, and raw materials during construction activities or for maintaining the sidewalks.

A PV inverter is a device that converts the DC current from solar panels into AC current of the required frequency, which is then supplied to the electric grid. The device uses the MPPT technique to extract the maximum amount of power from an array of solar panels.

The hydrostatic hyperbaric chamber (HHC) represents the merger of several technologies in development for NASA aerospace applications, harnessed to directly benefit global health. NASA has significant experience developing composite hyperbaric chambers for a variety of applications. NASA also has researched the application of water-filled vessels to increase tolerance of acceleration forces. The combination of these two applications has resulted in the hydrostatic chamber, which has been conceived as a safe, affordable means of making hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) available in the developing world for the treatment of a variety of medical conditions. Specifically, HBOT is highly-desired as a possibly curative treatment for Buruli Ulcer, an infectious condition that afflicts children in sub-Saharan Africa. HBOT is simply too expensive and too dangerous to implement in the developing world using standard equipment. The HHC technology changes the paradigm. The HHC differs from standard hyperbaric chambers in that the majority of its volume is filled with water which is pressurized by oxygen being supplied in the portion of the chamber containing the patient s head. This greatly reduces the amount of oxygen required to sustain a hyperbaric atmosphere, thereby making the system more safe and economical to operate. An effort was taken to develop an HHC system to apply HBOT to children that is simple and robust enough to support transport, assembly, maintenance and operation in developing countries. This paper details the concept for an HHC ventilation and pressurization system to provide controlled pressurization and adequate washout of carbon dioxide while the subject is enclosed in the confined space during the administration of the medical treatment. The concept took into consideration operational complexity, safety to the patient and operating personnel, and physiological considerations. The simple schematic, comprised of easily acquired commercial hardware, supports sustainability.

A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanical actuator that produces linear motion and unidirectional force by using pressurized hydraulic fluid. It converts the energy stored in the hydraulic fluid into a force, allowing linear motion of the cylinder. A hydraulic cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, cylinder cap, piston rod, piston, cylinder base, rod gland, cushions, seal, and cylinder base connection. Hydraulic cylinders are classified into two types according to their function: singleacting cylinders and double-acting cylinders. In single-acting cylinders, fluid is pressurized from one side of the cylinder during extraction and expansion, while in double-acting cylinders fluid is pressurized from both sides. Double-acting cylinders are further divided into two types: single rod end cylinders and double rod end cylinders. Plunger cylinders, telescoping cylinders, cable cylinders, and diaphragm cylinders are some of the hydraulic cylinders available in the Global Hydraulic Cylinders market.