The automotive sales have improved worldwide. With the increase in consumers' confidence in various economies, such as the US, the automotive sales in terms of the units sold have improved. In 2016, the largest automotive market, China accounted for 24.9 million units, which are over 27% of the global automotive sales in 2015. In China, the massive population along with strong economic growth is the driving factor for the rapidly growing automotive market. Apart from a strong domestic market, China is an export hub for automobiles and auto components with most of the international original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and tire suppliers having off-shore manufacturing facilities in the country.

EPB is an innovation in the braking technology, which has replaced the conventional handbrake with a push button. This in turn creates more in-vehicle space and also enhances drivers' comfort, safety, and convenience. In the early 2000s, EPB was introduced in luxury passenger cars such as BMW 7- Series and Lincoln LS. It has since become a common feature in high-end passenger cars since 2014. TRW pioneered the technology in 2001.

Many manufacturing companies need product lifecycle management (PLM) software as it deals with various functional levels of an organization such as design engineering, product designing, and manufacturing. The need for managing a product during the manufacturing process has led to the emergence of PLM software and services. The growing product complexity and increase in product portfolio across organizations have led to increased demand for a system that can offer solutions to the production process across industries. The implementation of PLM in an organization provides higher revenue, reduces cost, and increases capital efficiency.

The demand for product lifecycle management (PLM) software in manufacturing companies is high. This is because PLM deals with different functional levels of an organization such as product designing, manufacturing, and design engineering. The need for managing a product during the manufacturing process has led to the emergence of PLM software and services. The growing product complexity and increase in product portfolio across organizations have led to increased demand for a system that can provide solutions to the production process across industries. The implementation of PLM in an organization provides higher revenue, increases capital efficiency, and reduces cost.

In the recent past, safety has become a paramount focus area for OEMs and the entire automotive value chain. This can be primarily attributed to stringent regulatory push advocating safety on roads along with customers attributing safety as a key purchase influencer. Apart from these factors, the intense competition in the industry has forced OEMs to equip more number of safety features in an effort to gain market share.

improved smartphone ecosystem to act am enabler for autonomous vehicles,and hence influence AVDP growth.

ECU is a computer that controls one or many electrical systems in a vehicle. Modern ECUs employ both microprocessors and microcontrollers depending on the computational requirements. The operation of an ECU is similar to that of the basic input/output system (BIOS) of a computer. The ECU receives inputs from on-board the sensors and provides instructions to the electrical systems and sub-systems based on the received inputs. A modern vehicle may have as many as 80 ECUs to manage its electrical systems.

Automotive sunroofs may be fixed, vent, or sliding roofs that allow light and fresh air to enter the vehicle and also protects against the sun and wind. They can be operated manually or can be driven by motors. They are available in different sizes, shapes, and styles. The first company to come up with sunroof as a standard fitment was Nash Motors Company in 1937. In the subsequent decades, sunroofs became a premium feature among the ultra-luxury vehicles. During the 1990s, sunroofs gradually made way into premium and mid-segment cars as the large-scale investments by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and component manufacturers made it relatively affordable. Currently, many companies are coming up with sunroofs as a standard fitment, which can be operated manually or electronically. While manual sunroofs use levers for the sliding motion, electronically operated sunroofs use motor-driven cables. Most sunroofs that are currently available are electronically driven. Sunroof systems can be factory installed or can be installed aftermarket.

The utilization and consumption of rechargeable batteries are growing globally, covering all major sectors like consumer electronics, energy, automotive, and telecom. With advanced technologies and developments, battery efficiency (the maximum output power with respect to size and weight) has improved dramatically. The rapid growth of the global green vehicle market in the automotive sector has fueled the sales of high-density, high-power, small-size batteries especially Li-ion batteries globally. This increase in the global rechargeable battery market has prompted companies to become knowledgeable about battery management, thereby driving the global BMS market.

The global automotive industry is highly competitive. The nature of competition, product life cycle, and consumer demand result in dynamic growth of the industry. Presently, the industry is characterized by companies that are relocating their production centers from developed to developing regions. During the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, the industry experienced a considerable decline in demand; however, it has slowly stabilized primarily due to the relative economic stability in developing nations.

The global automotive industry has to increasingly meet the challenges of regulations and standards set by governments regarding emission of exhaust gasses such as CO2, NOx, and particulate matter from internal combustion (IC) engines. Europe is the leading country to set the standard for emission regulation. Every Euro norm is more stringent and an improvement over the earlier, aiming to reduce harmful emissions and improving the efficiency of the engine. To achieve the demanding limits of emission rules, car manufacturers are increasingly relying on advanced technologies like DOC and DPF as potential emission control devices.

Conventional vehicles are powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs). Over the course of time, the electrical content in these vehicles have increased, owing to the customer demand for more electrical and electronic devices for comfort and safety. For instance, remote opening of the trunk and seat adjustments require increased number of electric motors and actuators. In addition, the inclusion of infotainment and telematics systems in vehicles improved the use of electronic devices. Such an addition is the inclusion of the start-stop system, which led to an approximately 5% increase in fuel efficiency in vehicles.

Diesel locomotive engines are used for transporting large amounts of freight due to its ability to move a large amount of freight at less fuel, increased speed, and safety. Railways are mainly used for transporting passengers and freight. Roadways are the largest contributor in the transport sector. However, due to increasing concerns regarding pollutions caused by vehicular emissions, rising fuel costs, and traffic congestion, freight companies are moving more and more toward the rail mode of transportation.

EVs are not the pollution panacea anymore. At least those that obtain power from the power grids are not. Recent reality checks by rationalists worldwide have sharply debunked the myth of the all-encompassing EV solution to vehicular pollution. Although EVs do not emit harmful gases, coal and oil and gas are produced by dirty, pollutive means (read: conventional coal or oil and gas). This has been calculated to roughly equal (or sometimes exceed) that what a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) car does. Therefore, EVs contribute to the destruction of the environment, maybe far more than the pollution caused by conventional cars do.

Composites are a class of materials that are made of two or more constituent materials having different properties. The properties of the composites are unique and different from those of the constituent materials. The constituent materials of the composites remain separate and distinct and do not blend or dissolve with each other. Two types of constituents are required to form a composite: matrix and reinforcement. The matrix keeps the reinforcement materials in their relative positions, and the reinforcement materials add value to the matrix by imparting their specific physical and mechanical properties to the matrix. The reinforcement materials are usually fibers. The composites are also referred to as reinforced plastics/polymers. Some of the constituents of composites are fiberglass, carbon fiber, aramid fibers, natural fibers (wood, flax, hemp), metal matrix, and ceramic matrix. Many composites use a polymer matrix material called a resin solution to keep the reinforcement fibers in the desired orientation.

Adaptive brake lights alert drivers of the emergency brake being activated in the vehicle in front of them. The flashing of the brake lights indicates to the car behind that the emergency brakes are being activated. The brake lights are automatically activated to flash several times with different illuminating levels when the vehicle undergoes an emergency brake while traveling at a speed of over 60 km/h. The intensity of the brake lights could be enhanced through the activation of additional lights along with the car’s existing brake lights upon emergency braking. The signal can either be given through flashing of brake and hazard lights or through high-intensity brake lights (intensity higher than that during normal braking), along with the activation of hazard lights.

Technavio defines automotive remote diagnostics or remote vehicle diagnostics as a solution that enables automation of vehicle health and diagnosis using a wireless network. Vehicle health check refers to monitoring vehicle performance by continuously checking and assessing real-time data of certain parameters. This process helps to identify any deviation against expected vehicle performance. Diagnosis refers to the investigation based on real-time vehicle data associated with vehicle performance parameter deviation and the determination of root causes of the deviation. This technology offers several business benefits to both customers and OEMs by enabling an effective vehicle health planner.

本文提出了DOC+DPF的后处理技术路线以满足国五排放标准轻型柴油车排放，而为了满足排放DPF面临的最大挑战就是再生问题，本文采用缸内后喷升温方式实现DPF主动再生，并通过台架标定及整车标定优化了DOC、DPF上游温度的控制，并通过试验标定优化了DPF再生过程燃烧模型，满足DPF整车再生。

我国汽车产销量快速增长，带来的是车用能源需求不断增加。其中商用车的生产资料属性以及单车高耗能的特点造成商用车燃油消耗量已超过了乘用车，商用车节能水平提升十分必要。本文通过对美国商用车“超级卡车”政策进行梳理，研究财政激励政策在商用车节能技术发展的作用机理，从而为我国商用车节能管理提供借鉴。

本文考察了分时租债模式在部分国家和地区的推广现状，从分析这些国家的相关补贴政策和停车位(桩)等政策措施入手，与我国的分时租赁现状和政策作对比，提出促进我国电动汽车发展的相关建议。