报告从战略性分析、环境信息、竞争对手情报、资讯信息快报、市场行情与数据分析等几个方面对石油化工行业进行了分析评论。

报告从战略性分析、环境信息、竞争对手情报、资讯信息快报、市场行情与数据分析等几个方面对石油化工行业进行了分析评论。

报告从战略性分析、环境信息、竞争对手情报、资讯信息快报、市场行情与数据分析等几个方面对石油化工行业进行了分析评论。

Bio-based polyamides are in high demand as these are made from renewable and biobased feedstock. These materials are likely to exhibit a superior environmental profile and deliver applicative performances at a competitive price. All the major market players are aggressively pursuing agreements, M&A, and partnerships with other vendors to leverage the opportunity inherent in the market and build a competitive edge.

Fumaric acid, also known as trans-butenedioic acid, is a white crystalline compound found in nature. It is the primary intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle for the biosynthesis of organic acid in humans and other mammals. Fumaric acid is used as a food additive. It provides long-lasting and steady sourness because of its hydrophobic character. It also enhances the flavor and improves the quality. Fumaric acid also reduces packaging material costs for dry mixes products because of its reduced moisture barrier requirements.

Geopolymer is a mineral chemical compound or a mixture of compounds that consists of repeating units of compounds such as silico-aluminate (-Si-O-Al-O-), silico-oxide (-Si-O-Si-O-), alumino-phosphate (-Al-O-P-O-), or ferro-silico-aluminate (-Fe-O-Si-O-Al-O-). These mineral compounds are prepared by a process known as geopolymerization. Geopolymers can also be formed at room temperature using industrial waste or by-products produced during the manufacture of other compounds. They are similar to ordinary Portland cement. Geopolymer binder can easily replace (fully or partially) ordinary Portland cement as it has similar benefits. The main advantage of geopolymer binder over ordinary Portland cement is its low carbon dioxide emission, which is almost 80%-90% lower, which helps protect the environment.

The market is expected to grow at a steady pace during the forecast period, driven by increased demand for polyurethane (PU) rigid foams. More than 80% of aniline is used to manufacture methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). MDI-based PU is increasingly used in the construction, plastic, and automotive industries. The increased consumption of aniline in the agriculture, insulation, consumer goods, transportation, adhesives, sealants, coatings, electronics, photography, pulp and paper, textiles, packaging, and pharmaceuticals industries is also boosting market growth.

Titanium dioxide has been used as the white pigment since the ancient times.95% of its current usage in industry involves paints, cosmetics, plastics, paper, and food. However, in near future the economic impact of titanium dioxide seems to be controlled by energy related applications mostly. Therefore, this chapter projects a brief outlook on the added value provided by the titanium dioxide structures in new and emerging technologies of the energy sector. The applications focused are: solar fuels, solar cells, fuel cells, Li ion batteries and solid state lighting. In those applications, TiO_2 standouts with its chemical and thermal stability, morphology variety, position of conduction and valance band energy levels, optical properties and cost.

Petroleum-based liquid hydrocarbons is exclusively major energy source in the transportation sector. Thus, it is the major CO(sub 2) source which is the associated with greenhouse effect. In the United States alone, petroleum consumption in the transportation sector approaches 13.8 million barrels per day (Mbbl/d). It is corresponding to a release of 0.53 gigatons of carbon per year (GtC/yr), which accounts for approximate 7.6 % of the current global release of CO(sub 2) from all of the fossil fuel usage (7 GtC/yr). For the long term, the conventional petroleum production is predicted to peak in as little as the next 10 years to as high as the next 50 years. Negative environmental consequences, the frequently roaring petroleum prices, increasing petroleum utilization and concerns about competitive supplies of petroleum have driven dramatic interest in producing alternative transportation fuels, such as electricity-based, hydrogen-based and bio-based transportation alternative fuels. Use of either of electricity-based or hydrogen-based alternative energy in the transportation sector is currently laden with technical and economical challenges. The current energy density of commercial batteries is 175 Wh/kg of battery. At a storage pressure of 680 atm, the lower heating value (LHV) of H(sub 2) is 1.32 kWh/liter.

The present study examines the fate of glycolic acid and other organics added in the Chemical Processing Cell (CPC) of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) as part of the glycolic alternate flowsheet. Adoption of this flowsheet is expected to provide certain benefits in terms of a reduction in the processing time, a decrease in hydrogen generation, simplification of chemical storage and handling issues, and an improvement in the processing characteristics of the waste stream including an increase in the amount of nitrate allowed in the CPC process. Understanding the fate of organics in this flowsheet is imperative because tank farm waste processed in the CPC is eventually immobilized by vitrification; thus, the type and amount of organics present in the melter feed may affect optimal melt processing and the quality of the final glass product as well as alter flammability calculations on the DWPF melter off gas. To evaluate the fate of the organic compounds added as the part of the glycolic flowsheet, mainly glycolic acid and antifoam 747, samples of simulated waste that was processed using the DWPF CPC protocol for tank farm sludge feed were generated and analyzed for organic compounds using a variety of analytical techniques at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). These techniques included Ion Chromatography (IC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy.