Beer, the most widely consumed beverage in Europe after tea and water, is brewed
with four main ingredients, which are as follows: Malts: Though barley is mostly used, other cereals such as wheat, oats, maize, and
rice can be used. Hops or other natural flavors: These add bitterness to the beer and act as
preservatives. Water: Usually, hard water is preferred for brewing light ale and soft water for mild
ale and stout.