2012年全年渔业发展实现了稳中有进，进中有好的良好态势。渔业经济持续较快增长，水产品总量稳定增加，水产品市场运行平稳，渔民收入持续较快增长。

The crop protection industry worldwide has experienced gamut of activities in the past six years.The industry was valued at USD45,189.0 in 2011 with an offering of wide product line of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and bio-pesticides, micro-nutrients and adjuvant. The trajectory of the growth in global industry has been based on frequent changes in the weather conditions, instability in the prices of agricultural commodities, skepticism amongst the farmers in the emerging nations about the usage of agrochemicals followed by lack of availability of liquidity to invest in agricultrual inputs. However, in the recent past, the government initiative to support agricultural production in order to meet the rising demand for agricultural food products in nations such as India, China and several other Southeast Asian agricultural food products in nations such as India, China and several other Southeast Asian countries has encouraged the usage of agrochemicals in these parts of the region.

Global seed industry has witnessed several transitions in recent years with an advent of biotechnology in agriculture and consolidation in the industry structure. The global seed industry comprises of segments such as grain seeds, horticulture seeds,vegetable seeds, oil seed, fruit seeds and others. The market over the years has grown significantly due to an increase in the agricultural food products on account of the burgeoning population in the world. In addition, the incline in the commodity prices due to rising standard of living is another determining factor which has aided the growth of the industry in the recent past.

The global animal healthcare industry is one of the potential industries in the world which comprises of segments such as pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical feeds and farm and companion animals. The pharmaceuticals segment is the major contributor to the global animal health care industry followed by the vaccine and the medical feed segment.

The replacement tire industry in the world has experienced a gamut of activities in the recent years. The trajectory of growth of this industry has been consistent over the years other than a slowdown in the sales of tires on account of the global financial crisis in 2009. The tire industry is one of the industries which is most affected by the recession in 2009 with the decline in the consumer spending, reduction in household wealth, rising fuel prices which result in low vehicle sales. The global replacement tire market has experienced a phenomenal growth from 842.5 million units in 2006 to 1,068.3 million units in 2011. The increase in the replacement tire sales is due to rising demand of the replacement trie in the global market.

用18对微卫星引物对大口黑鲈北方亚种(Micropterus salmoides salmoides,N)、佛罗里达亚种(M.salmoides floridanus,F)及其正交子代(N♀×F♂)和反交子代(F♀×N♂)进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析.结果表明,18对引物扩增出的等位基因数为2～8个,平均等位基因数为5.0.检测到6对(Jzl48、Jz168、Jz184、MiSaTPW76、Msal21、Mdo6和Mdo7)亚种间特异性引物,其中有2对引物(Jzl48和Mdo7)可以用来鉴别大口黑鲈北方亚种、佛罗里达亚种和其杂交子代.平均有效等位基因数、平均期望杂合度和平均多态信息含量均为杂交组合F♀×N♂最高,分别为3.199 7,0.638 9和0.570 6,平均观测杂合度为杂交组合N♀×F♂最高(0.848 8).对亲代与杂交子代间的遗传分化分析表明,正反交子代均与北方亚种的遗传分化最小(0.092和0.119 6).基于Nei's遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统进化树显示正交子代N♀×F♂与母本N聚为一支,反交子代F♀×N♂与父本N聚为一支.

采用组织学和扫描电镜等方法,研究了卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)胚后发育阶段鳃的分化和发育及其结构和功能的关系.观察发现,仔稚鱼鳃的早期发育可分为3个阶段:第1阶段(0～3日龄)为原基期,鳃原基形成但未分化,鳃耙未出现,仔鱼主要依靠鳍褶、皮肤和卵黄囊上的微血管进行呼吸；第2阶段(4～17日龄)为鳃丝分化、发育期,鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片、鳃耙逐渐形成,具备鳃的基本结构和形态特点；第3阶段(18日龄之后)为鳃器官生长发育完善期,鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片、鳃耙发育完善,鳃的形态和功能与成鱼相似.进一步研究发现,鳃丝总数随仔稚鱼全长和体质量的增加而增加,单个鳃小片面积和总呼吸面积随仔稚鱼体质量的增加而增大.结果表明,卵形鲳鲳鲹的分化和发育是与仔、稚鱼的生长、形态发育和功能的完善相一致的.

在实验室条件下采用中心复合设计和响应曲面法,以影响能量代谢的2个重要环境因子(温度和盐度)为自变量,以耗氧率、排氨率与CO2排泄率为响应值,研究并探讨了温度(13～36℃)与盐度(0～20)对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼能量代谢的联合影响.结果表明,温度与盐度的一次效应、盐度的二次效应及其互作效应对耗氧率、排氨率与CO2排泄率均有显著影响(P＞0.05)；温度的二次效应对耗氧率和CO2排泄率没有显著影响(P＞0.05)；所考察因子与耗氧率、排氨率与CO2排泄率间二次多项回归方程的决定系数分别达到0.9581、0.9778和0.9795 (P＜0.01),可用于预测.温度效应较盐度明显,盐度较低时,能量消耗对温度变化较为敏感；在等渗点附近,耗氧率、排氨率和CO2排泄率较高;盐度超过等渗点时,低温和高盐环境对幼鱼的能量代谢有抑制作用.氧氮比(O∶N)随盐度变化而变化,温度对其没有显著影响(P＞0.05).当温度与盐度分别为13～36℃与0～10时,罗非鱼幼鱼主要依靠蛋白质和脂肪氧化供能;盐度为20时,脂肪成为主要供能物质；本实验条件下呼吸商的均值为0.752.本研究有助于更好地解释温度与盐度对罗非鱼新陈代谢的影响,同时可以为研究环境因子对能量的时空分配模式的改变提供生物能量学依据.

为了解甲基法呢酯(methyl farnesoate,MF)在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)卵巢发育中的调控作用,采用离体方法研究了中华绒螯蟹大颚器(mandibular organ,MO)以及X-器官窦腺复合体(X-organ-sinus gland,XO-SG)对卵巢发育的作用.将MO与离体卵母细胞共培养作为实验组1,将MO和XO-SG与离体卵母细胞共培养作为实验组2,仅添加培养液的卵母细胞作为对照组.实验发现,蟹去眼柄(eyestalk ablation,ESA)后的第1、3、6、14天,同对照组相比,MO对其卵母细胞的发育均有极显著促进作用.ESA处理第6天,MO对卵母细胞发育的促进作用最强.XO-SG能逆转ESA处理后MO对卵巢发育的促进作用(P＜0.01).荧光定量PCR技术检测结果显示,ESA处理后,MO中法呢酸甲基转移酶(farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase,FAMeT)mRNA相对表达量上升.同未去眼柄的对照组相比,第1、3天FAMeTmRNA表达丰度无明显变化(P＞0.05),第6、14天表达丰度提高至265％左右(P＜0.01).结果表明,中华绒螯蟹MO功能性物质能够促进卯母细胞发育,且ESA处理后第6天MO生物效应最强.MO中FAMeTmRNA的合成受XO-SG的抑制调节.在离体条件下,中华绒螯蟹XO-SG能够抑制卵母细胞的发育.

研究了Cu2+对缢蛏稚贝的急性毒性并进行安全评价；根据96 h LC50值设定10、30、40 μg/L 3个Cu2+质量浓度梯度进行暴露实验,以缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta Lamark)稚贝软体组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量为指标,研究Cu2+污染对缢蛏稚贝的毒性作用.结果表明,Cu2+对缢蛏稚贝96 hLC5o为309.742 μg/L;不同浓度Cu2+胁迫下,96 h内缢蛏稚贝抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD)活力发生显著的变化(P＜0.05),除最高组40 μg/L在48 h时CAT活力被显著抑制(P＜0.05)外,96 h内绝大部分时间点与沙滤海水对照组相比,各暴露组抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD)活性处于诱导状态；96h内各暴露组缢蛏稚贝丙二醛(MDA)含量均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).研究认为,CAT、SOD活性及MDA含量变化可反映缢蛏稚贝受Cu2+伤害的程度,可用作缢蛏安全性风险评价的参考依据.

先行国家农业生产发展的经验事实显示，一个国家在进入上中等收入阶段后，农业增长和农业下降将并存，主要农产品产量将有增有减。2008年以后，除了阿根廷外，各国粮食生产的发展进入持续增长新时期。中国改革开放以后，农业生产增长情况较好，与10个典型国家相比，农业增长率是最高的。通过建立长期预测模型，采用时间序列分析、增长空间分析和供给反应模型相结合的方式进行预测，结果表明，未来十年中国农业生产发展仍将处于增长阶段，粮食产量有望以微小幅度继续增长，经济作物产量将小幅增长，畜产品和水产品将继续保持快速增长趋势。从2013年发展态势看，按照正常情景预计，全国农业生产仍将保持稳定发展趋势。