Technological advancements in molecular diagnostics have led to the increased adoption of genetic testing services. These services include the interpretation of results, analysis, and counseling. In genetic testing, physicians recommend the type of test and service, and the genetic samples are analyzed in clinical laboratories. In DTC genetic testing, companies such as 23andMe market the service that they offer through media, emails, and television. There are several ethical concerns related to DTC genetic testing. Hence, many clinical laboratories and companies only conduct genetic testing when recommended by a physician.

Cells are considered as the basic unit of life. The study of different cell structures is called cell biology. The understanding of cells and their components is crucial as several patterns can be observed and several compounds can be discovered. This could contribute to the discovery of new treatments or advancements of existing treatments. Cell biology can also help increase target population and enhance the mechanism of action (MOA) to reduce treatment time.

In the biological system, the physiological function of cells, tissues, and organs are preserved through natural processes. In addition, when cells are damaged or die due to aging, natural biological processes repair and replace cells inside the biological system. But when cells are removed from the body, the changes in an external environment will result in cell damage as well as inhibition of natural repair and replacement process.